Then examine the design issues that are critical to all parallel architecture in a variety of modern design, which includes data access, communication performance, coordination of cooperative work, and the correct implementation of useful semantics. Examining the architecture of application-driven perspective, it provides a comprehensive discussion of parallel programming for high performance and workload-driven evaluation, based on understanding hardware-software interaction. * Synthesizes a decade of research and development for practicing engineers, graduate students, and researchers in parallel computer architecture, system software, and application development * Presents a case study in-depth applications of computer graphics, computer science and engineering, and data mining to demonstrate sound quantitative evaluation of design trade-offs * Explain the process of programming for performance, including aspects of architecture-independent and architecture-dependent, with examples and case studies * Describe the parallel system bus-based and network-based with case studies of more than a dozen important commercial designs