Winkler successful book on random field approaches to image analysis, related Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, and statistical inference with emphasis on Bayesian image analysis, concentrating more on general principles and models and less on details of concrete applications. Addressed to students and scientists from mathematics, statistics, physics, engineering, and computer science, this would be as an introduction to aspects of mathematics rather than the survey. Basically, without prior knowledge of mathematics or statistics is required. The second edition is in many parts completely rewritten and improved, and the most recent figures.