While the optics and electronics should be used appropriately for transmission and switching hardware, note that "intelijen''di any tissue that comes from" software,''for network control, management, signals, traffic engineering, network planning, roles etc. The software in creating a strong network architectures for optical WDM networks is emphasized. WDM Optical Networks is a textbook for graduate level courses. The focus is on networking aspects of optical networks, but also includes coverage of physical layers in optical networks.