Each chapter includes a brief description of relevant background statistics, along with appropriate references. New Second Edition New chapter on graphic display, general additive models, and conclusions simultaneous A new section on the general linear mixed model that complements the discussion on the analysis of longitudinal data where the response variable does not have a normal distribution New examples and additional exercises in several chapters A new version of the package HSAUR (HSAUR2), which is available from CRAN This edition continues to offer a direct reflection on how to perform various statistical analysis using R, from the simple inference to recursive partitioning for cluster analysis.