typical defects are cracks, inclusions, pores, flakings surface, partial or complete tear so that the surface of the material and these defects can occur through the source material defect or through extreme strain during machining process. Detection of defects on the surface materialc can be complicated because of very different levels of brightness of the material or because the shadow area, which is caused by the folds of the surface. the brightness at the edge of defects in materials interpreted as a Gaussian distribution of radiation and is used for physical model. New edge-based adaptive algorithm allows the detection of defects in different materials, such as metal, ceramic, plastic and stone. This method allows to explicitly detect all the different types of defects independent, form size and position and the surface to be inspected.