With a set of exercises that appear in every chapter, this book begins with background information that contains various interprocess communication techniques and middleware services, followed by basic topics which include system models, the criterion of truth, and proof techniques. The book also presents a variety of important paradigms in distributed systems, including the logical clock, photo distributed, deadlock detection, termination detection, election, and some graph algorithms. By covering the basics of distributed systems and their relationship to real-world applications, Distributed systems provide a general insight into distributed computing subproblems,